Both hazard types and frequency, as well as built-up areas and cities are dynamically changing, resulting from climate and global changes. In April 2024, displacing 600.000 people in Brazil due to floods, having hottest day records already in Europe and in Asia are clear examples to the shifting hazard patterns. In such dynamic environments, the interdependency among the risk components amplifies the impact of disasters. In such an environment, disaster risk is constantly changing, and there is a definite limit to our capacity to foresee the failures resulting from unexpected interactions between interdependent components. Indeed, the intensity and extent of the challenges make clear that achieving resilient cities is everybody’s business. Scientists, stakeholders and citizens are faced with the challenge to adapt their disaster risk reduction plans but lack the understanding and tools to account for the cross-sectoral impacts and dynamic nature of the risks involved. In this course, we follow the socio-technical approach in complex city systems and investigate the ways to contribute to cities’ resilience. The main problem in disaster risk management is providing static measures to a dynamically changing system. In this course you will learn looking at the nature of risk as a 'dynamic' concept rather than a static one. You will focus on multi-hazard risk assessment and dynamic risk reduction measures on various sectors.